Summary of Kant's theory of knowledge, and how it contributes to Essay

Summary of Kant's theory of knowledge, and how it contributes to our understanding of the mind-body problem - Essay Example These former theories that had been set before Kant’s Theory were majorly classified as Empiricism and Rationalism. The Empiricists had earlier argued that knowledge of the environment and reason required a prior experience. The Rationalists, on the other hand, had stated that knowledge had to come first before experience; that one needed to have a prior experience of something before having the knowledge of the same. As can be seen, these two classical theories contradict each other. Therefore, Immanuel Kant was motivated to try and reconcile the two sides and bring to an end, what he had seen as an era of primitive and unsupported theories of knowledge and human experience. At the same time, he wanted to oppose the concepts and perceptions of Skepticism. In coming up with a more plausible theory of knowledge, Kant combined the two previously contradicting school of thoughts and argued that the understanding of the world by the human required both knowledge and experience. According to him, the Experience depends on both perception of the objects in the environment and the prior knowledge acquired about the very objects. In this manner, the external environment is very essential for the ‘self’ establishment. Kant further stated that the human experiences are well structured by the vital features of the mind. This concept implies that the human mind plays the sole responsibility of shaping and structuring our experiences such that all experiences have certain structural designs in common. Kant’s theory of knowledge helps us to understand that every aspect of the human is all in the mind and that one cannot perceive what he or she cannot experience. In as much Kant’s theory of knowledge seems to stand on a neutral ground, it has its potential problems, biasness and objections from some of the most recent philosophers. For

World War II and Civil Rights Movement Impact on Democracy

World War II and Civil Rights Movement Impact on Democracy According to president Franklin D. Roosevelt the future world shout be a world that people have essential human freedoms also known as the four freedoms; freedom of speech, freedom of worship, freedom from want, and freedom from fear. The reason of the United States took part in the World War II was to fight for human’s freedoms to liberate humanity in Europe and Asia, and to spread the American democracy to the entire world. â€Å"A revolution which goes on steadily, quietly adjusting itself to changing conditions without the concentration camp or the quick –lime in the ditch† (Franklin D. Roosevelt 1941). However the war enhanced the commitment of many white Americans to maintain the existing racial order in the United States. The war also gave birth to the civil right movement. While we were fighting for the freedom of other nations there were still inequality exist in the United States. The World War II didn’t directly push forward the democracy in the United States; on the contrary it created many inequalities on non-white races during the World War II and post war that directly lead to the civil right movement. The civil right movement is a â€Å"war† that African-Americans against inequality in education, social rights, and human rights it given people the idea that the existing racial order in the united states was wrong, so the civil rights movement directly push forward the American democracy to a step forward. During the World War II many non-white American joined the army that fight for the United States. More than one million African Americans served in the armed forces. But those armed forces they served were segregated units and they only participated in noncombat tasks. After the war when these black veterans returned home they encountered that benefits such as GI bill were refuged to give them. The segregation of education was the most serious inequality that education benefit of black veterans could only be used at segregated school. These segregated schools were inferior schools with a bi-racial system. Moreover salary, training of teacher, and school facility and equipment were all not the same to the non-segregated schools. As a consequence the out come of education from these segregated school would be a huge different from the non-segregated school. There were also Asian Americans that served the World War II for the United States such as Chinese Americans and Japanese Americans. However Japanese Americans that served the war were in a special case. The attack of Pearl Harbor produced hatred of Japan also the fear of Japanese invasion from the west coast pushed president Franklin D. Roosevelt to issue an Executive order. In February 1942 authorities removed more than a hundred and ten thousand Japanese Americans into internment camps. A large majority of these people were American born Japanese that they didn’t even speak Japanese. These people didn’t committed any crime the only thing they did wrong was being an American. Some of male Japanese Americans were convinced to serve the military to show their loyalty to the United States. However according to president Franklin D. Roosevelt the four freedoms that all Americans shared, freedom of speech, freedom of worship, freedom from want, and freedom from fear were n ot applied to Japanese Americans. The image that the United States actively promoted was a country that people of all races, religion, and originally from different countries will share freedom and equality all exceptions to Japanese Americans. The war was to fight for freedom but whose freedom, freedom people in Europe. However there were still inequalities in the United States why should these black solders fight for someone else’s freedom but not their freedom. â€Å"I would rather die for democracy here than in Germany† (Charles Wesley 1944). The war that fights for freedom and democracy should started at home, the United States where inequalities exists all the way in non-white Americans’ life. Otherwise how should the United States bring freedom and democracy to people in Europe at the same time the home were largely full of racial inequality. The civil right movement reached its climax when Rosa Parks refused to give her sit to a white man on a bus in Montgomery. The bus boycott launched the movement for racial justice which lead to the Supreme Court ruled the segregation in public transportation was unconstitutional. Earlier in the time the Supreme Court had already outlawed the racial segregation in public school however the decision of Supreme Court didn’t represent the thoughts of white-Americans lived in the South. In the South more than one hundred congressional men signed the document of against school desegregation, â€Å"The Southern Manifesto†. They stated that the 14th Amendment didn’t mention education nor did any other amendment. So the Supreme Court decision of school desegregation of different races was based on no legal base. The idea was not the thought of one congressmen but the whole that indicated all the whites lived in the south were against the school desegregation. This brought the civil movement to a deeper level that African Americans were not just fight for their freedom against the constitutional system in the United States but also the racial biases and racial order that existed on entire white-Americans race. Martin Luther King JR. was arrested with other marchers during marches against  racism  and  racial segregation  in  Birmingham. While in prison he wrote a letter to express his feelings toward the unjust events. Injustice should not be tolerated that the white power structure left the black community with no other choice. The demand of equal rights on non-white races should not be depended on anybody else but themselves. They must realize that equal rights should not be given by whites or the Congress, but they should actively pursue by themselves. Also it was crucial to let the white-Americans to realize that it was wrong to have the idea of racial order. No one was born to be slave or second class citizens. If equal rights such as equal education could bring to African Americans that they could be educated people as white-Americans. The only way that African American can achieve equal right among white Americans is that all African Americans must be unionize, directly fa ce the injustice, and â€Å"fight† against injustices. He and his fellow demonstrators were using nonviolent direct action in order to cause tension that would force the wider community to face the issue head on. King responded that without nonviolent forceful direct actions, true civil rights could never be achieved. This letter explains events in Birmingham in 1963 as well as in the rest of America and it demonstrates the approach King took through out the whole civil-rights movement of 1950s and 1960s. The World War II inspired the African Americans struggle for equality in the United States while the united states were still fight in the war to give people freedom in other country. The racial inequality posed a challenge to the United States that it conflict with the â€Å"American heritage of freedom†. In another word even thought the World War II didn’t have a positive effect on equal rights among races in United States but it sparked the civil right movement that African Americans battle the â€Å"war† of equal rights on there own demand. Again the World War II didn’t directly push the democracy in the United States to a step further but it leads to the civil right movement, which had a huge leap of the democracy to forward.

The Fantasy World of The Fixer :: Bernard Malamud The Fixer

The Fantasy World of The Fixer In Bernard Malamud's The Fixer, almost all of Yakov Bok's time is spent in prison. The Fixer is an examination of freedom and its compliment, commitment (Helterman 67 ). Though Bok has no physical freedom, the longer that he is imprisoned, the more true freedom he obtains. Bok is able to attain this freedom through his dreams and hallucinations. These sequences are important because they prevent the story from becoming static, but more important, they illustrate that true freedom lies within one's self. Yakov Bok is tortured in the government's attempt to obtain his confession to the ritual murder of Zhenia Golov. He is poisoned, strip searched, chained, and nearly frozen to death: The fixer was chained to the wall all day,and at night he lay on the bedplank, his legs locked in the stocks...the leg holes were tight and chafed his flesh if he tried to turn a little...the straw mattress had been removed from his cell...now in chains, he thought the searches of his body might end but they increased to six a day, three in the morning and three in the afternoon.( 236 ) These tortures leave Bok with no conscious energy to focus against his captors. Thus, it is only through Bok's dreams and hallucinations that he can escape and deal with his imprisonment. One of the most important freedoms which Bok finds within himself is the freedom to accept his religion. In one of his dreams he dreams that his father-in-law, the only father that he has really known, has died. When he wakes, Bok says to himself, "Live Shmuel, live...let me die for you" (287 ). Bok experiences a kind of panic after awakening from this dream. He cannot fathom that he will not see this man again, even though he knows that their ever meeting again is nearly impossible. Bok realizes through this dream his true feelings towards the old man whom he called "father." Furthermore, Bok knows that through his death for a crime he did not commit, he can save many of his Jewish brothers from death in the riots which would ensue if he were released. Therefore, Bok's saying "let me die for you" is directed not just to his father-in-law, but to all those who, had they been in the wrong place at the wrong time as he was, could just as easily have been accused of this same crime.

Debate Torturing terrorists is a tool to get the right feedback and answers Essay

Terrorists have caused so many deaths in the world. Whenever a terrorist attack occurs, it leaves behind many deaths and destruction of property. Those who survive the attack often end up with serious injuries. Some become crippled for the rest of their lives. Some become traumatized in their entire lives. The memory of the attack keeps on haunting them. Such trauma continues to an extent that some people become depressed. In this regard, terrorism is a vice that should be fought by all means. In a ‘ticking-bomb scenario’, there is a bomb that may detonate in an unidentified public place very known. The person who planted the bomb is the only person who knows where it is. The person is held up by the police. However, person is not willing to give the information to the police. Torture will be the only means to extract the information. A suspected terrorist should never be forgiven for a terrorism activity (Aringo, 2004: 13). Therefore, torturing a terrorist to get import ant information that can save people is a justifiable means. There are many reasons to support the argument of torturing a terrorist to get information that is relevant to save the general public. First of all, when a terrorist or a suspected terrorist is tortured, he or she is likely to give relevant information that can be used by the security agency to protect innocent people. For instance, if a terrorist is captured and through torture he or she reveals that there is a planned attack in the future, then the government or the appointed people will take necessary measures to ensure that the planned attack does not occur. Suppose torture was not used, it is possible that such information would not have been obtained. Consequently, the planned attack would have been executed and the result would be deaths and injuries. Therefore, torturing is justified as long as the security officials are very sure that they have the correct suspect. Secondly, terrorists are never co-operative. They cannot give any information concerning their plans or other members willingly. Force has to be used to extract such information. The force used is in form of torture. When suspected terrorist is subjected to painful procedures, he or she is likely to give the information that can help in the intelligence service (Meisels, 2008: 21). Usually, terrorists have information about the future planned attacks as well as other members of the gang. If the government and the security officials get such information, it becomes very easy to avert potential fatal attacks. Since terrorists can never reveal such information willingly, then torture becomes the best alternative. Another reason that supports the use of torture to get information from a terrorist is that usually, the information obtained is timely. A terrorist who is subjected to torture can reveal so many things that are yet to be accomplished by the gang. That timeliness is essential in order to save the public from the hands of terroristic attacks. Without torture, the terrorist would take time before giving correct information. The worst scenario is that without torture, terrorists would not give any information at all. In this respect, torture is important if it can enable obtaining of information in a timely manner. Many people would be saved in time before the planned attack occurs. Moreover, terrorists cause more pain themselves to soldiers when they capture them. Therefore, if terrorists can cause pain to soldiers who are responsible for our security, there is no reason why a terrorist should be spared from pain as well. Accordingly, terrorists should be put through a painful experience. If the pain they are subjected to makes them give information that is relevant in the intelligence service unit, then they should never be spared it. Since terrorist are dangerous people in the society, no mercy should be accorded to them. They should be forced by all means to give all the relevant information that can help get rid of or capture other terrorists. Torturing terrorists may prove successful because it sometimes leads to obtaining more information than anticipated. When a terrorist is tortured, he or she may end up revealing a lot of information that was not even expected (White, 2012: 32). For instance, one may be interrogating a terrorist about a planned attack in a given place, only to be told that there are many attacks planned in different places. Therefore, while security forces thought that there is one attack that is planned by terrorists, they get surprised to learn that there are many attacks that have been planned. Such information becomes crucial because it opens the eyes of the security forces to other possible attacks other than the one that they anticipated. With regard to this argument, then it is justifiable to use torture to extract information from the terrorists. Moreover, terrorists cause too much pain and suffering to innocent people in the general public. They plan and execute their plans against innocent people who are otherwise helpless. Women and children get trapped in the thick of things when an attack occurs in a crowded place. Women and children are most vulnerable group for one reason. Children cannot run or hide from the spot of the attack. As a result, women who are mothers of the children in the scene get caught up while trying to save their children since they cannot go without them. That is not to say that men are spared from the attacks. Many of them die and others get injuries if they get themselves in the midst of the problems. Considering this pain that a terroristic activity can cause innocent people, terrorists deserve to be tortured without mercy. They are evil and merciless. There should be no mercy on them. If terrorists do not reveal relevant information that can save other people, the situation can be very dangerous . Torture is justified to be used on terrorists. In addition, if one considers that a single terrorist has potential to cause deaths of very many people one would find that torturing a suspected terrorist would be the least form of punishment that he or she would get. Pain on one person cannot be compared to the pain that may affect many innocent people in an event a terroristic attack succeeded in happening. If one person can be made to reveal other members of the gang it can very fruitful. Sometimes, a single person who is a suspected terrorist can be used to track down all other members of the terrorism group. If security manages to nub down many terrorists, it can be very successful because by so doing, many potential future attacks can be averted. It is important to note that when terrorists are free mingling with other innocent people, it is not possible to trace them. It is until they are pinpointed that they become identifiable. It is other terrorists that can tell other people who are involved in the terrorism. If torture can help obtain such information from a single terrorist, then it is beneficial to the general public. Torture should be executed on the suspected terrorists without mercy because a terrorist is not a good person to compromise with. A terrorist is a criminal who is liable to a punishment after all. Other people who commit other forms of crimes are subjected to punishments. Terrorism is even a greater crime that deserves even more severe punishment. Therefore, torture is not unjust to a criminal who is a danger to the national security itself. Since all criminals must be punished for their actions ultimately, torturing terrorists can be taken to be a form of punishment too besides being a mechanism of extracting information from them. Many terrorists end up giving in to torture and surrender. Consequently, they tell the interrogators everything that they know regarding their criminal activities including their history and future plans. As a punishment, terrorists deserve it. As a means of extracting information, torture must be used. That way, torture achieves the objective of obtaining the needed information while at the same time serving as a form of punishment. Many potential terrorists may stop their activities at the prospects of getting caught and get subjected to torture. The torturing mechanism should be so severe that it discourages any person who may attempt a terroristic activity. Those who go through the torture may vow never to get involved in terrorism again in their life. They think of the pain that they went through and they stop any temptation to engage in terrorism. Therefore, the torturing process should serve as a punishment that sticks in the mind of the person even afterwards in the future. In this regard, torture will not only be useful in helping get the relevant information, but also it will help to discourage future attempts of terrorism by the prospective terrorists. Moreover, torturing a suspected terrorist may serve as lesson to other people who may be tempted to get involved in terrorism. They learn from the terrorists who have suffered a painful experience. The thought of getting caught and subjected to the same torture should be enough to discourage any one who may be thinking to engage in terrorism. In this respect, the torture must be so severe that it causes fear in people who may be influenced into terrorism. If torture achieves this objective, it will have helped a great deal in curbing terrorism. Whenever one person is tortured and serves as a lesson, there is overall reduction in the potential occurrence of terroristic events in the future. In addition, that helps to dismantle the unity of terrorists and decrease their numbers. All these results add up to help alleviate the occurrence of terrorism. Under normal circumstances, the risk that a single person may expose many other people to is very great to be ignored. As already stated, a single person has a potential to destroy and kill a large number of people. Considering such a risk, it is justifiable to use any form of torture on a suspected terrorist. Interrogating a single person can be the source of information that can end up saving the entire nation (Ramsay, 2006: 42). Putting one person under pain is justifiable if it can save more innocent lives. Note also that torturing only puts physical pain on the person. The pain is temporary because it ends with time. Such torture cannot be compared to the deaths that such person can cause besides the injuries that leave behind long lasting disabilities. Killing is permanent. There is no reverse about it. In this regard, the benefits of torturing a single person for the sake of the welfare of the many are many and outweigh the cost of torture (Ginbar, 2010: 32). If a person can b e put into a temporary pain and lead to saving of many lives, then it is worth the torture. In addition, it can be argued that with the advancements in technology, it is possible for the intelligence service to get the right person. Exchange of information between different intelligence service agencies around the world makes it even easier. The possibility of subjecting an innocent person to torture is low. In this regard, it means that the person who ends up in the intelligence unit for interrogation is most likely to be the right person. In other words, it is less likely that the person who is caught for the interrogation is the wrong person who is otherwise innocent. Therefore, torture should be applied on the suspected terrorists without considering the possibility of the person being innocent. Terrorism is a criminal activity that should never be subjected to compromise. In conclusion, torturing terrorists as a means of extracting information from terrorists is justified. Terrorists are dangerous people and any means that can be used to get them from the society should be used. Torturing suspected terrorists has proven to be successful for it helps get information from the terrorists. In addition, torturing can be used as a form of punishment to terrorists. It is also used to discourage potential terrorists from engaging in the terroristic activities. It should be argued that pain on a single person should be used if in the end it leads to saving many lives. The only worry is that the person tortured could be innocent. However, considering the argument put forward, in the modern intelligence service, it is rare to arrest an innocent person because before an arrest is done, proper investigation has to be done. Sharing of intelligence information between intelligence units from different places in the world assists in this process. References Arrigo,  J.  M. (2004). A utilitarian argument against torture interrogation of terrorists. Science and Engineering Ethics, 4(3), 11-21. George Andreopoulos,  R. (2011). International Criminal Justice. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. Ginbar,  Y. (2010). Why not torture terrorists?: Moral, practical, and legal aspects of the ‘ticking bomb’ justification for torture. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Meisels,  T. (2008). The trouble with terror: Liberty, security, and the response to terrorism. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Ramsay,  M. (2006). Can the torture of terrorist suspects be justified? The International Journal of Human Rights, 4(1), 23-26. Rumney,  P.  N. (2014). Torturing terrorists: Exploring the limits of law, human rights, and academic freedom. Saul,  B. (2004). Torturing terrorists after September 11. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 3(1), 32-36. White,  J.  E. (2012). Contemporary moral problems. Boston, MA: Wadsworth/Cengage Learning. Source document

An Interesting Place To Visit

It is good to travel. Traveling is instructive, and it is also teaching us about other cultures. That is the best way to learn about people, their way of living, their cultures, and their past history. In fact, Wahoo Bay Beach is very an attractive place to visit. Anybody who likes to travel should plan to visit one day. First, a guest at Wahoo Bay Beach has two options to admire its beautiful view. He or she can choose accommodation near the pool or a quiet location by the garden.There, he or she can relax as he or she watches the surfers gently sweep over the tumbling ocean waves. Seeing the tall palm trees slow movement back and forth in the wind is relaxing as they are making gentle, peaceful sounds. The terrace overlooks the tops green trees and vividly bright color flowers on one side, also a seemingly endless sandy beach and crystal clear water on the other side. During summer time, as anybody lies in the sand, he or she can see kites rise above the clouds and soar gracefully in the wind, which is blowing gently through the trees and sand.Besides the pool and beach, water lovers can sunbath on the stabilized raft. Second, everything on Wahoo Bay Beach has its own unique feature. The multi-tiered grounds are a lush garden of plants and flowers that add to beautiful backdrop of the blue sea and the green mountains. The rooms are large, spacious, and clean exceptionally. The view is to die for. The place is a quiet atmosphere from hustle and bustle of the city. The food is tasty.All meals are specially prepared to the guests liking. Whether it is spicy lobster, beef filet, Creole chicken or any of their menu options anybody chooses, regardless of selection he or she will not be disappointed as Wahoo Bay Beach is noted for its finely prepared cuisine. To sum up, Wahoo Bay Beach is an amazing place to visit mainly because of its view sight, nature sounds. Anybody who visits Wahoo Bay Beach would feel that he or she is in his or her own world.

How to get a job in medical billing

How to get a job in medical billing You’ve probably heard about how the healthcare job scene is growing by insane amount over the next 10 years. But if you’re not necessarily interested in the medical side of being an allied health professional, where does that leave you? The good news is that there are lots of administrative roles that are growing and opening right alongside the rest of the healthcare field. One such job is medical billing, because a fact of healthcare is that services need to be tracked and paid for accordingly. What does a medical biller do?Medical billers work behind the scenes in a medical office, hospital, or other healthcare facility. This is an administrative role, ensuring that patients (or their insurance companies) are accurately billed for the medical care they receive. Medical billing responsibilities may include:Tracking payment informationAssigning billing codes to a patient’s tests, procedures, and other healthcare servicesSubmitting and following up on invoices to patients and insurance companiesWorking with medical staff (like physicians and nurses) to ensure billing accuracyWorking with patients to set up payment plansMonitoring payment status and collectionsManaging patient records securely and accuratelyThis is typically a 9-to-5 kind of job, with a stable work week, since billers work primarily with data and patient information rather than in direct patient care.What skills do medical billers have?This is an entirely administrative role, so your skill set should be heavy on organization, attention to detail, and financial math.Organizational Skills:Â  Medical billers are responsible for ensuring that all medical procedures are billed accurately, whether to the patient or to the insurance company, so it’s important to have the ability to keep things moving cleanly and efficiently.Attention to Detail:Â  Errors in billing can lead to legal or financial problems, so it’s essential to be able to notice errors and confirm the a ccuracy of data before it goes out.Finance:Â  While this job typically doesn’t require advanced accounting, medical billers should have strong math skills and the ability to analyze billing and financial data.Discretion:Â  Healthcare information is usually highly confidential (and legally so), so medical billers need to be able to maintain that patient confidentiality at all times.What’s required to work in medical billing?Medical billing is a field you can enter without a college degree, though an associate’s degree in medical coding or health information technology can be an asset. Certification is not usually a requirement for medical billing clerks, but if you want to enhance your resume there is an optional certification by the AAPC (formerly known as the American Academy of Professional Coders).How much money do medical billers make?According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, medical billing professionals make a median annual salary of $38,040 (or $18.29 per hour).What’s the outlook for medical billers?Per the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the demand for medical records and health information technicians (including billing professionals) will grow by 13% by 2024- faster than average for all jobs.If you want to work in the growing healthcare world, but find yourself drawn to the more administrative end of things, medical billing and coding can be a solid long-term choice for your health-related career path.

To Secure These Rights essays

To Secure These Rights essays To Secure These Rights played a great role in United States history. This book exceeded civil rights activists highest expectations. During a time when men were coming back from World War two. An African American man could go and die for his country but he still had to ride in the back of the bus, he still had to face racism everywhere he went. To Secure These Rights opened the eyes of many people and helped president Truman get elected and fight for civil rights. After Truman was elected president he came up with the idea to set up a national committee to reduce racial conflicts that the white house had been facing since the outbreak of rioting in 1943. Truman decided to create a committee through executive order rather then seek legislation that would not work by a senate filibuster. By doing this the president settled some things. He satisfied civil rights advocates whose ideas he did agree with, he didnt have to talk to southern democratic lawmakers, and most importantly he taught the public the need to extend equality instead of segregation under the law. On December 5, Truman issued executive order creating the Presidents Committee on Civil Rights. After he issued executive order he said, Today, Freedom from Fear, and the democratic institutions which sustain it, are again under attack. Rather then focusing on mob violence, he instructed, The committee to make recommendations in respect to adoption or establishment by legislation or otherwise of more adequate and procedures for protection of civil rights of the people. Truman knew that a war was approaching and he also knew he had to do something about civil rights. By making this committee he must have knew what he was doing because most southern press didnt even print the executive order some even praised that something needed to be done about the horrible crime of lynching. There were many things that led to the c...

Maya Angelou, Writer and Civil Rights Activist

Maya Angelou, Writer and Civil Rights Activist Maya Angelou (born Marguerite Annie Johnson; April 4, 1928–May 28, 2014) was a celebrated poet, memoirist, singer, dancer, actor, and civil rights activist. Her autobiography, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, a bestseller published in 1969 and nominated for the National Book Award, revealed her experiences growing up as an African-American during the Jim Crow Era. The book was one of the first written by an African-American woman to appeal to a mainstream readership. Fast Facts: Maya Angelou Known For: Poet, memoirist, singer, dancer, actor, and civil rights activistAlso Known As: Marguerite Annie JohnsonBorn: April 4, 1928 in St. Louis, MissouriParents: Bailey Johnson, Vivian Baxter JohnsonDied: May 28, 2014 in Winston-Salem, North CarolinaPublished Works: ï » ¿I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, Gather Together in My Name, The Heart of a Womanï » ¿Awards and Honors: National Medal of Arts,  Presidential Medal of FreedomSpouse(s): Tosh Angelos, Paul du FeuChild: Guy JohnsonNotable Quote: My mission in life is not merely to survive, but to thrive; and to do so with some passion, some compassion, some humor, and some style. Early Life Maya Angelou was born Marguerite Ann Johnson on April 4, 1928, in St. Louis, Missouri. Her father Bailey Johnson was a doorman and navy dietitian. Her mother Vivian Baxter Johnson was a nurse. Angelou received her nickname from her older brother Bailey Jr., who couldnt pronounce her name so he called her Maya, which he derived from my sister. Angelous parents divorced when she was 3. She and her brother were sent to live with their paternal grandmother Anne Henderson in Stamps, Arkansas. Within four years, Angelou and her brother were taken to live with their mother in St. Louis. While living there, Angelou was raped before she turned 8 years old by her mother’s boyfriend. After she told her brother, the man was arrested and, upon his release, was killed, probably by Angelous uncles. His murder and the trauma surrounding it caused Angelou to be almost completely mute for five years. When Angelou was 14, she moved with her mother to San Francisco, California. She took lessons in dance and drama on a scholarship to the California Labor School and  graduated from George Washington High School. That same year, at the age of 17, she gave birth to her son Guy. She worked to support herself and her child as a cocktail waitress, cook, and dancer. Arts Career Begins In 1951, Angelou moved to New York City with her son and her husband Tosh Angelos so that she could study African dance with Pearl Primus. She also took modern dance classes. She returned to California and teamed with dancer and choreographer Alvin Ailey to perform at African-American fraternal organizations as â€Å"Al and Rita† throughout San Francisco. In 1954, Angelou’s marriage ended but she continued dancing. While performing at San Franciscos Purple Onion, Angelou decided to use the name Maya Angelou because it was distinctive. She combined the nickname her brother had given her with a new last name she derived from her former husbands surname. In 1959, Angelou became acquainted with novelist James O. Killens, who encouraged her to hone her skills as a writer. Moving back to New York City, Angelou joined the Harlem Writer’s Guild and began to publish her work. About the same time, Angelou landed a role in a State Department-sponsored production of George Gershwin’s folk opera  Porgy and Bess and toured 22 countries in Europe and Africa. She also studied dance with  Martha Graham.  Ã‚   Civil Rights The following year, Angelou met Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., and she and Killens organized the Cabaret for Freedom benefit to raise money for the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). Angelou was appointed the SCLC’s northern coordinator.  Continuing her performance career, in 1961 she appeared in  Jean Genet’s play  The Blacks. Angelou became romantically involved with South African activist Vusumzi Make and moved to Cairo, where she worked as an associate editor for the Arab Observer. In 1962, Angelou moved to Accra, Ghana, where she worked at the University of Ghana and continued to hone her craft as a writer, working as a feature editor for The African Review, a freelancer for the Ghanaian Times, and a radio personality for Radio Ghana. While living in Ghana, Angelou became an active member of the African-American expatriate community, meeting and becoming a close friend of Malcolm X. When she returned to the United States in 1965, Angelou helped Malcolm X develop the Organization of Afro-American Unity. Before the organization could really begin working, however, he was assassinated. In 1968, while she was helping King organize a march, he, too, was assassinated. The death of these leaders inspired Angelou to write, produce, and narrate a 10-part documentary titled â€Å"Blacks, Blues, Black!† The following year, her autobiography, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, was published by Random House to international acclaim. Four years later, Angelou published Gather Together in My Name, which told about her life as a single mother and budding performer. In 1976, Singin and Swingin and Gettin Merry Like Christmas was published. The Heart of a Woman followed in 1981. Sequels All God’s Children Need Traveling Shoes (1986), A Song Flung Up to Heaven (2002), and Mom Me Mom (2013) came later. Other Highlights   In addition to publishing her autobiographical series, Angelou produced the film Georgia, Georgia in 1972.  The following year she  was nominated for a Tony Award for her role in Look Away. In 1977, Angelou played a supporting role in the Golden Globes-winning TV mini-series Roots. In 1981, Angelou was appointed the Reynolds Professor of American Studies at Wake Forest University in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. Then, in 1993, Angelou was chosen to recite her poem â€Å"On the Pulse of Morning† at President Bill Clintons inauguration. In 2010, Angelou donated her personal papers and other items from her career to the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture. The following year, President Barack Obama awarded her the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the country’s highest civilian honor. Death Maya Angelou had been having health issues for many years and was suffering from heart problems when she died on May 28, 2014. She was found by her caretaker at her home in Winston-Salem, where she had taught for a number of years at Wake Forest University. She was 86. Legacy Maya Angelou was a trailblazer in achieving success in so many fields as an African-American woman. Immediate respondents to her passing indicated the breadth of her influence. They included singer  Mary J. Blige, U.S. Sen. Cory Booker, and President  Barack Obama. In addition to the National Medal of Arts presented by President Clinton and the  Presidential Medal of Freedom presented by President Obama, she was given the Literarian Award, an honorary National Book Award for contributions to the literary community. Before her death, Angelou had been awarded more than 50 honorary degrees. Sources Maya Angelou Biography. Biography.com.Maya Angelou: American Poet, Memorist, and Actress. Encyclopedia Britannica.Poet Maya Angelou. Poets.org.Maya Angelou. Poetryfoundation.org.

Report Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Report Plan - Assignment Example The recipient of this report is the various organizations, both governmental and NGOs, dealing with welfare funding. Identifying the problem was an easy task. According to government statistics, TANF program has 31% of white families, 33% black and 29% Hispanic. It is important to note that the aim of the program is to provide funds to needy families with a five-year limit on financial assistance. In fact, total welfare spending for the year ending 2010 reached an astounding $900 billion. The problem arises due to the fact that, even with the large amounts spent on assisting poor families, more families keep increasing systematically. To answer the questions, it is crucial to have access to the government archives on the target program (TANF). The public libraries with government, though few, are a good source of information. The internet is also an important resource for this research. I will have access to the national statistics databases. Journals and newspapers detailing the aspect of social welfare will be considered a resource. Kearns (2000) advices of the use of mixed methodology in answering research questions. Following Kearns’ advice, I will use observation and interview to answer the questions. The interview will be in form of a questionnaire directed at sampled TANF and the program supervisors. Since the research is personal, I intend to make unbiased observations and take note for further reference. The suggested course of action will be based on unprejudiced answers to the questions of research. Corcoran (2011) lays out a clear method of identifying loopholes in social affairs based on the failures of the system

Discussion Board 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Discussion Board 1 - Essay Example Worth noting, unethical behavior is different from unlawful in the sense the former entails that which is not acceptable as per the stipulated rules by a firm. Conversely, unlawful behavior has to do with what is legally forbidden. For instance, an employee who physically attacks another at the workplace is engaging in an unlawful act; starting romantic relationships in the office is unethical. Corporate Social responsibility (CSR) has elicited mixed views since Milton Friedman asserted the essence of every business. Milton’s statement that the primary objective of every business is to make profit is often viewed negatively with some contesting these assertions. To some, businesses have a responsibility to the society around it. However, the position taken here is that the statement by Milton is correct and is strongly agreed with. First, hardly any business is conducted without employees meaning that the society already benefits through employment. In addition, many companies require materials, many of which are sourced near their stations (Lee & Kotler, 2013). This greatly influences the communities around because the business offers a market place for different materials. There is more than a business does to the society than monetary assistance including invention. For instance, Microsoft has caused a global impact simply by inventing interesting computer-related products. As a result, people from around the world have used some of these products to change their lives positively. In this case, the society has not directly benefited in monetary from Microsoft, but their lives are transformed tremendously. Hence, CSR is not compulsory for businesses since it is not the primary objective. Besides, by undertaking different projects, businesses affect the society in various

Security on the Internet Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Security on the Internet - Research Paper Example Information technology and internet in the present scenario has become extremely important for every business organization. It has become the most appropriate means for carrying out long distance communication across global organizations. In addition, the continuous technological advancement is argued to inherent security risks. If the statistical reports are taken into consideration, multiple cases of online data theft and fraud can be brought up through which the safety and the integrity of internet can specifically be questioned (Koskosas et al., 2011). Moreover, by taking into consideration, the rising level of online attacks, it has become a challenge for the IT engineers to counter such unwarranted situations that might risk the integrity and survival of multiple organizations along with all the stakeholders associated with it. As a result, this report will focus towards evaluating the security issues identified within the IT structure of ‘XYZ Ltd.’ through which t he inappropriate loopholes that existed within the system can be identified. Adding to that, the report will also emphasize on the available solutions through which such security issues are being resolved (Koskosas et al., 2011). As already discussed above, security issues within IT organizations has become a common trend. Reason for this cause can be provided by taking consideration of the level of data being accessed within these companies on daily basis. Adding to that, majority of the IT companies appears to have taken appropriate steps regarding minimizing the percentage of confidential data loss. As a result, the procedure of centralizing the operational data is often opted. Nevertheless, the procedure of centralizing the operational data is perceived to increase the risk of data loss from the central servers. Moreover, in order to carry out the daily

Morality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Morality - Essay Example Considering that fundamentalist followers of any religion will have a different moral code from those of a liberal bent, it becomes nearly impossible to take dogma as a guideline for morals. Similarly, there have been times in history where certain laws themselves were unethical and even immoral therefore to follow those laws would be unethical and immoral. Therefore, I feel that my own morals come from ethical guidelines that have been given to us by experts in the field who continually update their suggestions based on changing times. That strikes very close to my idea of life since life itself is full of change and this dynamic nature of life is tremendously exciting. While the basic realties of life itself may not alter everyday, the expanding knowledge and greater understanding we have of the world around us brings changes to our lives which make it worth living. Considering the difference between what we knew a few hundred years ago and what we know today, it is not easy to project how our lives will change in a few years let alone a few decades. Yet the coming changes do not scare me in the least for I know that I will keep trying to improve my own condition as well as those who are around me. If I can devote my life to that purpose alone I would think that I have lived a good life and do not need to go far beyond that. I know that I can not change the world and I know that I probably will never be able to create anything which has a lasting affect beyond one or two generations that follow me. However, it is the idea which excites me that if I try hard enough I will be able to make a difference. Even if it is a small difference it should be something which adds to the quality of life rather than something that subtracts. Therefore, as I keep improving my own abilities and seek out ways in which I can make the lives of people

Knowledge of Intro to Technologies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Knowledge of Intro to Technologies - Essay Example In the present scenario, one unique characteristic of the proposed technology would be on the need to meet the different technology needs of different employees of the company. Interestingly, though the work of each of the employees come together to ensure the successful running of the entire company, each employee’s works is so different that thinking of a different IT solution to each employee is the best way out in ensuring that the technology needs of the company are met as far as emerging technology is concerned. Proposal of Technology Needs Employee Hardware requirement Software requirements Connectivity requirements Subtotal General Remarks Reviewer Laptop, tablet PC, digital camera Windows, office Wireless card, USB modem AUD$2,000 Reviewer needs digital camera and tablet PC to make accessibility to taking of motion and still images easier. It should also be possible to capture audio recordings with these hardware. USB modem will also be appropriate for the laptop whil es the wireless card will be suitable for the tablet PC. Editor Desktop, smart phone, laptop Windows, Photoshop Wireless card, USB modem AUD$2,000 The editor will need a desktop PC in other make large scale editing of still and motion images possible at the company premises. The smart phone will make on the go access to information possible. The Photoshop software is needed for editing pictures and videos. Website designer Desktop, laptop Windows, Photoshop Wireless card, USB modem AUD$2,000 The website designer also needs Photoshop because he will be doing a lot of editing of images. The presence of desktop remains useful to the website designer because he would need to test how well the designed website would perform on different platforms including a desktop PC. Business owner Smart phone, tablet PC, laptop Windows, Wireless card, 3G, USB modem AUD$2,000 A smart phone is specifically mentioned because the business owner would need to make a lot of calls to business clients. He al so needs tablet PC to access mails and the internet as often as possible. Meeting/Conference Room Laptop, large screen monitor, projectors Windows, office Wireless card, USB modem AUD$1,500 The meeting or conference premises ought to have access to sophisticated LCD screen of larger inches to make presentation of meetings possible. There also need to be laptops to make the networking of information possible while meeting proceeds Networking, Printing and File sharing Desktop, laptop, printer, routers, Ethernet hub Windows, office Wireless card, USB modem, LAN Hub AUD$1,500 This is the component that needs larger amount of networking systems. It is for this reason that both wireless and LAN network systems are recommended. Overview of the network setup Considering the various technological demands of the various employees, the most prescribed network connection type to use is the wireless broadband connection. With this internet connection, it should be possible for all employees to access the internet without the need to have any wire aided connections in place. The advantage that this phenomenon will have over other forms of wire connections is that there will be an on-the-go access to the internet as far as a Wi-Fi device is available.

Book Revew Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Book Revew - Essay Example Acknowledging that her information is strung together by a lifetime of personal interest in the field and journalistic information gathering during her career as a writer for the New York Times, Dean’s book promises an overview of the issues involved and a reasoned plea for restraint in building up the beaches. In the final analysis, though, this book delivers high-quality information presented in a readable style that conveys not only the problems facing the nation’s beaches, but also the significance of this problem to the rest of the world. As an attempt to convince Americans not to build on the beaches, thus contributing to the erosion problem, the book is a success. Dean pulls her readers in by starting the book with an account of the devastating effects of the 1900 Galveston Hurricane and how the city responded. After outlining the city’s natural sense of vengeance against the uncaring ocean and its Herculean efforts to place it out of harm’s reach, she then outlines the long-term effects the sea wall and raising of the city have had on the coastline itself. Interspersing personal stories regarding coastline studies and devastating storms or other issues caused by erosion with factual and explanatory information regarding what these studies actually mean creates a solid argument against the process of building on the beach or attempting in any way to protect those buildings once constructed. Although she claims no scientific or special expertise on her own part, Dean’s work is widely recognized as a credible source for a number of other volumes including American Disasters by Stephen Biel (2001) and The Earth Around Us: Maintaining a Livable Planet by Jill Schneiderman (2003). As she outlines storm after storm and lost town after lost town, Dean continues to highlight the involvement of human encroachment on the

Knowledge of Intro to Technologies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Knowledge of Intro to Technologies - Essay Example In the present scenario, one unique characteristic of the proposed technology would be on the need to meet the different technology needs of different employees of the company. Interestingly, though the work of each of the employees come together to ensure the successful running of the entire company, each employee’s works is so different that thinking of a different IT solution to each employee is the best way out in ensuring that the technology needs of the company are met as far as emerging technology is concerned. Proposal of Technology Needs Employee Hardware requirement Software requirements Connectivity requirements Subtotal General Remarks Reviewer Laptop, tablet PC, digital camera Windows, office Wireless card, USB modem AUD$2,000 Reviewer needs digital camera and tablet PC to make accessibility to taking of motion and still images easier. It should also be possible to capture audio recordings with these hardware. USB modem will also be appropriate for the laptop whil es the wireless card will be suitable for the tablet PC. Editor Desktop, smart phone, laptop Windows, Photoshop Wireless card, USB modem AUD$2,000 The editor will need a desktop PC in other make large scale editing of still and motion images possible at the company premises. The smart phone will make on the go access to information possible. The Photoshop software is needed for editing pictures and videos. Website designer Desktop, laptop Windows, Photoshop Wireless card, USB modem AUD$2,000 The website designer also needs Photoshop because he will be doing a lot of editing of images. The presence of desktop remains useful to the website designer because he would need to test how well the designed website would perform on different platforms including a desktop PC. Business owner Smart phone, tablet PC, laptop Windows, Wireless card, 3G, USB modem AUD$2,000 A smart phone is specifically mentioned because the business owner would need to make a lot of calls to business clients. He al so needs tablet PC to access mails and the internet as often as possible. Meeting/Conference Room Laptop, large screen monitor, projectors Windows, office Wireless card, USB modem AUD$1,500 The meeting or conference premises ought to have access to sophisticated LCD screen of larger inches to make presentation of meetings possible. There also need to be laptops to make the networking of information possible while meeting proceeds Networking, Printing and File sharing Desktop, laptop, printer, routers, Ethernet hub Windows, office Wireless card, USB modem, LAN Hub AUD$1,500 This is the component that needs larger amount of networking systems. It is for this reason that both wireless and LAN network systems are recommended. Overview of the network setup Considering the various technological demands of the various employees, the most prescribed network connection type to use is the wireless broadband connection. With this internet connection, it should be possible for all employees to access the internet without the need to have any wire aided connections in place. The advantage that this phenomenon will have over other forms of wire connections is that there will be an on-the-go access to the internet as far as a Wi-Fi device is available.

Persuasive speech about why iIllegal immigrants should not be given or Presentation

Persuasive about why iIllegal immigrants should not be given free health care - Speech or Presentation Example Also an unauthorized migrant might be one who violates the set terms of a legal entry. In 2008 it was estimated that the population of illegal immigrants in the US was approximately 11 million, which was said to be a drop from 12.5 million recorded in 2007 (Bogen 12). Bogen further points out that Mexican immigrant take the highest percentage (56%) out the total immigrants’ population. Studies reveal that majority of the current immigrant are well educated, many of them having at least a college degree. However, in general, the US population is better educated than that of the immigrants. Since 1990s, legal migrants continued to be outpaced in number by the illegal immigrants who are increasingly occupying various areas around the country. Most of the families in the US estimated to be 13.9 million individuals have at least one spouse, who is an illegal immigrant and most of them settle in areas characterized by large immigrants’ population (Beasley 32). He observes tha t unauthorized contemporary migrants comprise of about 44% of the total population of us. Majority of them settle in Florida, Texas, California, New Jersey, Illinois and Pennsylvania with California harboring the highest population of approximately 2.93 million illegal migrants.

Public Awareness Campaign Review: Homelessnesss

Public Awareness Campaign Review: Homelessnesss Obispo, Stacey L. In 2011, there were 46.2 million individuals in the United States that were living in poverty (National Coalition for the Homeless, 2014). The majority of these individuals are renters. Many of these low income individuals do not have enough money to scrape by for household items because 71% of low income renters devote more than half of their income for housing (National Coalition for the Homeless, 2014) .Therefore many people with very low incomes have to remove the cost of housing from their expenses. Even more concerning is for the time being there is only rent subsidies available for only 24 % of households who are qualified to receive them(National Coalition for the Homeless, 2014). Consequently many individuals are left to face homelessness because of the lack of rent subsidies. This paper aims to address the issue of homelessness caused by unaffordable housing in America by examining the campaign for Restoring Housing Voucher Funding by the National Coalition for the Homeless . In addition, this paper will analyze the effectiveness of preventing homelessness by the use of the Housing Voucher Campaign and its promotion of Housing Voucher Funding known as section 8. Purpose The purpose of National Coalition for the Homeless is to stop and end homelessness, make sure the immediate needs of individuals who are homeless are met, and their civil rights are protected (National Coalition for the Homeless, 2014). The National Coalition for the Homeless is comprised of a system of people who are; presently homeless or have encountered homelessness, activists and advocates, community based and faith– based service providers, and others (National Coalition for the Homeless, 2014). The National Coalition for the Homeless discusses the social issue of homelessness that affects many communities throughout the United States. They address the issue of homelessness by providing prevention and promotion initiatives and by also highlighting specific groups that are at risk such as families, youths, the elderly, veterans and individuals who identify themselves as LGBT. For example, the National Coalition for the Homeless (2014) has several campaigns to address prev ention and promotion initiatives such as: The National Campaign for Youth Shelter, Restoring Housing Voucher Funding, Hate Crimes and Violence Prevention, Homeless Bill of Rights, You Don’t Need a Home to Vote, Bringing America Home Campaign and Homeless People’s Action Network. Protective and Risk Processes Protective processes for Restoring Housing Voucher Funding campaign is sought by strengthening the lines of communication with policy makers. This is done by asking Congress to restore funding that was cut from housing vouchers in 2013 and building a stronger grassroots network that can request change for the millions of people who need housing assistance and are not receiving it (National Coalition for the Homeless, 2014) .The risks processes the program is trying to weaken is unaffordable housing, poverty, and homelessness within all populations. The National Coalition for the Homeless (2014) seeks to lessen the risks of homelessness by including the provision of inexpensive housing and employment that pays a living wage. Population The population that is being focused on in the Restoring Housing Voucher Funding campaign is individuals who make inadequate funds to meet escalating rents. This population is chosen by their socioeconomic class and all locations throughout the United States including urban, suburban, and rural areas are a part of the campaign. Individuals who are defined within this population are those with extremely low incomes that make no more than $19,706 annually (National Low Income Housing Coalition, 2014). Nationally at this rate these individuals can only afford to spend no more than $493 a month on rent (National Low Income Housing Coalition, 2014). However the national fair market rate has risen to $984 for a two bedroom and $788 for a one bedroom (National Low Income Housing Coalition, 2014). Evidently there is a disparity of $491 a month for those in a two bedroom rental and a disparity of $ 295 a month for individuals in a one bedroom rental that must be met each month. A rental cost that an individual can afford is based on 30% of their income (National Low Income Housing Coalition, 2014). Unfortunately in no state a full-time minimum wage worker cannot afford a one-bedroom or a two-bedroom rental unit at Fair Market Rent. The federal minimum wage is $7.25 and to be able to afford a two bedroom rental without interfering with other necessities (e.g. food, clothing, childcare, utilities) the renter needs to at least make $18.92 an hour (National Low Income Housing Coalition, 2014). Social Systems A social system that safeguards against homelessness is parents/ families. Many parents allow their grown children and their families to live with them so that they can all afford to pay rent and basic necessities. This is called doubling up. Religious settings and community organizations offer ways to help with homelessness by offering shelters for those who are unable to afford housing (National Coalition for the Homeless, 2014). Social systems that contribute to the problem of homelessness in the United States are the rising costs to health care (National Coalition for the Homeless, 2014). Many times individuals with very low incomes have to choose between going to the doctor and paying rent. Many individuals who face homelessness need medical and mental health services. Some workplaces also contribute to the problem of homelessness. Workplaces which offer employees minimum wage contribute toward the problem because they cannot afford the cost of rent. Many of these individuals have to work two jobs or more than 80 hours a week to afford life’s basic necessities (National Coalition for the Homeless, 2014). Ecological Levels The ecological level of analysis the Joint Center for Housing Studies at Harvard University (2014) produced in their article shows that homelessness affects the individual, microsystems, organizations, localities and macrosytems. This article is a part of the resources used at the National Coalition for the Homeless website regarding their Restoring Housing Voucher Funding campaign. The article’s focus is on homeless persons and how the various ecological levels contribute to the problem and how they can help. The article offers suggestions on ways supportive housing (individual) can actually produce savings for federal (macrosytem), state, and local governments (localities) comparatively to emergency shelters (organizations) and institutionalized care for the homeless. For instance they found that in one year assigning high cost hospital patients in Los Angeles into everlasting supportive housing lead to a net public cost evasion of almost $32,000 per person .This sum even in cludes the costs for housing subsidies and housing placement. The article further addresses how individuals are affected by the government sequester cuts which resulted into many individuals losing voucher assistance. Microsystems are addressed in the article by pointing out how many families and individual face homelessness due to struggles with substance abuse, mental illness, or domestic violence. Overall the aim of the article is to provoke debate over government policy and increase funding and assistance programs to aid in the problem with homelessness. Although the article addresses how homelessness affects the individual, microsystems, organizations, localities its primary focus is its emphasis through the macrosytem- government. It seems appropriate to target the macrosystem of government because government policy can ensure that change can be affected nation -wide. Prevention and Promotion Prevention according to National Coalition for the Homeless (2009) can be obtained by closing the gap between income and housing costs. This type of prevention responds to predictable life circumstances such as being able to afford life’s basic necessities and affording health care .In order for such a change to be completed the National Coalition for the Homeless (2009) states that government, labor, and the private sectors need to unite. They further conclude that when such can be completed all Americans who work can then have an opportunity to get employment that would pay a livings wage along with necessary support such as child care and transportation to maintain it. Promotion of housing assistance and supportive services can offer individuals facing homelessness an opportunity to obtain self –sufficiency according to The Joint Center for Housing Studies at Harvard University (2014). The way this is completed is by addressing the root causes of poverty. The Joint Center for Housing Studies at Harvard University (2014) found that programs that offer housing assistance along with supportive services can make significant changes in individuals and give these individuals an opportunity to get themselves out of poverty by addressing poverty causes. The Joint Center for Housing Studies at Harvard University (2014) state past results have shown it is possible to impact and make changes in individuals needing supportive housing. This is completed through improved employment and salaries amongst those of legal working age along with on-site job hubs where individuals can get job search help and appointments to vocational training. The next recommen dation they offer is to supply adjusted rent rules so that these low income individuals can grow their earnings without worrying that their rents will also increase. The Final recommendation they give is to encourage neighbor-to-neighbor contact amongst low income individuals. By encouraging conversation these individuals can communicate about the news of job opportunities within the neighborhood and inspire community upkeep towards finding work. Social Injustice and Small Wins The article by The Joint Center for Housing Studies at Harvard University (2014) focuses on the social issue of poverty and homelessness. The article addresses its social injustice by pointing out that 19.3 million are eligible for assistance but only 4.4 million receive support due to lack of federal funding for voucher programs. Small wins in prevention and promotion would be to offer families and individuals who have a very low income; free childcare, vocational training and paid apprenticeships so that they can catapult themselves out of poverty and reduce their risk towards homelessness. Prevention/Promotion Intervention The Joint Center for Housing Studies at Harvard University (2014) reported on a study on Jobs-Plus for their prevention of homelessness and promotion intervention of housing assistance with supportive services. The U.S. Department of Public Housing Planned the intervention between 1998 and 2003 on six public housing developments across the country (HUD.GOV). Individuals living within these units met the criteria for very low incomes. The Jobs -Plus program is not a national program available in every community only selected communities are chosen. Individuals that are involved in the program are able to make decisions as to what jobs they want to apply for (HUD.GOV). Sensitivity to the context of individuals living with low incomes is considered because Jobs- Plus offers opportunities such as employment centers to help search for gainful employment, referrals to job training so these individuals can select a career that will offer a higher income, and adjusted rent rules to help these individuals afford rent(HUD.GOV).. Stake holders included in the program are HUD, an association of foundations, and private funders (HUD.GOV). Effectiveness The Joint Center for Housing Studies at Harvard University (2014) reported that an arduous evaluation of the Jobs-Plus program was conducted and found a meek but long-term increase in salaries for individuals within the program at the various locations where the program was available. The Manpower Demonstration Research Corporation (MDRC) is a nonprofit organization that specializes in the evaluation of employment and welfare-to-work strategies, MDRC provides technical assistance and designs and implements Job- plus plans over a 5-year period (HUD.GOV). MDRC evaluates the long term effects in each Job-plus sites approach to Jobs-plus residents, communities, families, public housing developments, and the lessons learned from other experiences by other sites (HUD.GOV). MDRC is funded by HUD, the Rockefeller Foundation, and other public agencies and charities (HUD.GOV). In each site MDRC randomly evaluates one housing development that is randomly selected (through a type of lottery) to operate Jobs-Plus from a matched pair or triplet of eligible public housing developments nominated by the local public housing authority(Bloom, Riccio, Verma, 2005). The remaining housing development groups are assigned as comparison groups (Bloom, Riccio, Verma, 2005).Long term data and trends are recorded to evaluate the program’s effectiveness. The data was retrieved from administrative records of government agencies for up to six years before and six years after Jobs-Plus was launched in 1998(Bloom, Riccio, Verma, 2005).In addition residents that participated in the program partook in surveys which evaluated their experiences with economic and material well-being, social conditions, personal safety, residential satisfaction, and child well-being. Job-plus made a difference in participants lives because living conditions were very difficult in both Jobs-P lus and comparison developments before the initiative was introduced. (Bloom, Riccio, Verma, 2005). Objectives The intervention of Job-Plus programs shows that it aids in making sure that the very low income population are not homeless while they are enrolled in the program. One of the objectives clearly met by the program was to increase the wages of participants (Bloom, Riccio, Verma, 2005). The findings state that participants on average increased their wages by 6.2 % while others who did not partake in the program had no increase (Bloom, Riccio, Verma, 2005). The study found that individuals who partook in the program sustained their income over time. The intervention was only effective in settings in which the Job-Plus program was used. Other comparison groups had no change (Bloom, Riccio, Verma, 2005). In sum the Jobs-Plus program is only effective if the full program is adhered to not just excerpts of it(Bloom, Riccio, Verma, 2005). Another objective was to drop the amount of welfare recipients (Bloom, Riccio, Verma, 2005). This objective was not met because after Jobs-Plus was la unched there was a decline however the decline was not related to Jobs-Plus (Bloom, Riccio, Verma, 2005). Conclusion The Joint Center for Housing Studies at Harvard University (2014) authored an article which stated the Jobs-Plus program is an effective tool that gives individuals living in poverty tools to aid against homelessness. The authors are correct that this can be an effective tool because it aids in helping individuals get into vocational schools, encourages community contact with neighbors, and helps individuals find gainful employment. The important findings these authors present are that housing vouchers can be a good temporary protective aid against homelessness. Important inquiries the Jobs-Plus programs raises: When Job-Plus programs are introduced into communities, why not introduce the program along with positive beliefs systems to match not just community culture but cultures within the different ethnicities that reside in these communities? Another important question to consider: Why not make the Jobs-Plus program mandatory for all individuals that receive aid that are not disab led neighborhoods? An area for concern that is not addressed by the authors is that the Jobs-Plus program may not be an effective tool in preventing homelessness for everyone. This tool is only effective if individuals who want to help themselves. If one just wants to stay on welfare, receive housing vouchers, and buy into negative belief systems that keep them impoverished then tools such as Jobs-Plus will not be an aid. Coming out of poverty does not just take a hand-up it takes desire, will, and ambition. Increasing wages by 6.2 % is a change in a positive direction but the change is still minimal and not enough to place one in middle class. Despite this change these individuals are at risk for homelessness because they are still considered to have a low income. Perhaps now their income maybe not is on the very low side after the 6% increase nonetheless they are still at risk. References Bloom, H., Riccio, J. A., Verma, N. (2005). Promoting work in public housing: The effectiveness of jobs-plus. Retrieved from http://www.mdrc.org/publication/promoting-work-public-housing HUD.GOV. (2014). Jobs-plus community revitalization initiative. Retrieved from http://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/HUD?src=/programdescription/jobsplus Joint Center for Housing Studies Harvard University. (2014). Americas rental housing-evolving market and needs: Rental housing assistance. Retrieved from http://www.jchs.harvard.edu/research National Coalition for the Homeless. (2009). Employment and homelessness. Retrieved from http://nationalhomeless.org/issues/economic-justice/ National Coalition for the Homeless. (2014). Restoring housing voucher funding. Retrieved from http://nationalhomeless.org/campaigns/restoring-housing-voucher-funding/ National Low Income Housing Coalition. (2014). Out of reach 2014: Twenty-five years later the housing crisis continues. National Low Income Housing Coalition, 248.Retrieved from: http://nlihc.org/oor/2014

Jack Londons The Call of the Wild :: Call of the Wild Essays

Call of the Wild Where did man come from?  Ã‚   Scientists thought they had answered this simple yet complex question through Charles Darwin's theory of evolution.  Ã‚   According to him, living organisms evolved due to constant changing.  Ã‚   Organisms which gained an edge would reign, while those without would die.  Ã‚   Jack London's books during the late 1800's animated this theory through the use of wild animals in a struggle for survival.  Ã‚   In fact, many prove that to survive a species "must" have an edge.  Ã‚   In London's book the Call of the Wild, the harsh depiction of the Klondike wilderness proves that to survive life must adapt.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   London uses Buck as his first character to justify his theory as he conforms well to the hostile North.  Ã‚   While at Judge Miller's, pampered Buck never worries about his next meal or shelter; yet while in the frozen Klondike he has death at his heels.  Ã‚   Until his body adapts to the strenuous toil of the reins, Buck needs more food than the other dogs.   He must steal food from his masters in order to conform.  Ã‚   If Buck continues his stealthy work he will survive.  Ã‚   A second example occurs when Thorton owns Buck, and Spitz, the lead dog, constantly watches the team in a dominant manner.  Ã‚   Buck, if insubordinate, runs the risk of death.  Ã‚   He lays low, learning Spitz's every tactic.  Ã‚   Buck adapts to circumstances until finally he strikes against Spitz in a fight for the dominant position.  Ã‚   By killing Spitz, he gains a supreme air, and in turn an adaptation against the law of the fang.  Ã‚   A third example surfaces during Buck's leadership.  Ã‚   The fledgling dog, to Francios and Perrault, cannot work up to par for the lead.  Ã‚   So Buck conducts himself as a master sled dog, reaching Francios and Perrault's goals, conforming to the team.   The group plows through snow reaching at least forty miles a day.  Ã‚   The dogs spend at most two weeks in the wild Klondike.  Ã‚   In a way Buck heightens the safety of each person and dog.  Ã‚   He adapts to the environment and new position.  Ã‚   Within the Call of the Wild, Buck must have a part to justify London's theory.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the novel London uses Mercedes, Hal, and Charles, a group of very inexperienced and even less equipped city goers, to depict the probable doom of those who do not adapt.  Ã‚   While in Skagway the three have no idea what the Klondike holds.   The well dressed well fed team wants nothing but riches and fame.  Ã‚  Ã‚   In their effort for

the flea :: essays research papers

WzDD's HSC Info: 2Unit Related English: John Donne The Flea Marke but this flea, and marke in this, How little that which thou deny'st me is; Me it suck'd first, and now sucks thee, And in this flea our two bloods mingled bee; Confesse it, this cannot be said A sinne, or shame, or losse of maidenhead, Yet this enjoyes before it wooe, And pamper'd swells with one blood made of two, And this, alas, is more than wee would doe. Oh stay, three lives in one flea spare, When we almost, nay more than maryed are. This flea is you and I, and this Our marriage bed, and marriage temple is; Though parents grudge, and you, w'are met, And cloysterd in these living walls of Jet. Though use make thee apt to kill me, Let not to this, selfe murder added bee, And sacrilege, three sinnes in killing three. Cruell and sodaine, has thou since Purpled thy naile, in blood of innocence? In what could this flea guilty bee, Except in that drop which it suckt from thee? Yet thou triumph'st, and saist that thou Find'st not thyself, nor mee the weaker now; 'Tis true, then learne how false, feares bee; Just so much honor, when thou yeeld'st to mee, Will wast, as this flea's death tooke life from thee. Glossary Jet - a deep, glossy black stone. This is of course a reference to the colour of a flea, and is especially strong imagery when one compares the lifeless stone with the "living walls". Sodaine - violent. Overall explanation My copy of the poem notes that "Fleas were a popular subject for jocose[humorous] and amatory[love] poetry in all countries at the Renaissance". Their popularity stems from an event that happened in a literary salon (a place where poets and others came to recite poetry and converse). The salon was run by two ladies, and on on occassion a flea happened to land upon one lady's breast. The poets were amazed at the creature's audacity, and were inspired to write poetry about the beast. It soon became fashionable among poets to write poems about fleas. In this poem, the "I" of the poem is lying in bed with his lover, and trying to get her to give her virginity to him. (It could, of course, quite easily be a FEMALE "I" trying to seduce a MALE, but I will stick with one for convenience). While lying there, he notices a flea, which has obviously bitten them both.

Architectural Classification of Memorials

Categorization OF MEMORIALS Memorials can be classified into assorted ways. Significant points that form the footing of categorization can be identifies as:Scope of audiencePermanence of the stuffEvocationArchitectureScope OF ARCHITECTUREMemorials can be classified based on range of audience in the followers:Public MemorialPrivate MemorialMemory is of import to all human existences. All human existences preserve commemorations in assorted signifiers. Human existences member their family in the signifier of sedate narratives or Samadhi, etc. Persons of broad acclamation and known for of import workss are society commemorated by the society. This gives u two signifiers of commemorations depending on the audience the memorial references.Private Memorialsare limited to the smaller communities or smaller parts of the society, e.g. Thayillam household tower. Thayillam household tower is a tower recollection erected by the household at Ayroor small town in cardinal Travancore, Kerla. The 32-foot tower has the names of 268 ascendants of the household crossing nine coevalss get downing from 1600AD. Such commemorations are rare as media other than architecture for continuing private memory are more popular and widespread. THE Devising OF A MEMORIAL What does really do a commemoration? By the virtuousness of which qualities do we name a construction a memorial? Are these qualities a step of a construction being a commemoration and operation as one? There are two chief factors that go into the devising of a memorial. These are the emotional factors and the architectural factors. Apart from the emotional facets, it is the assorted architectural facets, which are of import in rendering a construction. If the audience is straight hit by the event or is straight related to the individual that the memorial commemorates the emotional factor becomes stronger than the architectural factor. However, the emotional factor diminishes or dies out with clip ( as coevalss pass ) whereas the architectural characteristics remain more lasting through clip. In public commemoration, the full society is the audience. Ideally, the commemoration should show the position of the full society and therefore should turn to the whole society. Besides the commemoration has to be dateless i.e. to state it should be able to arouse the feeling in all the coevalss that it survives and unrecorded beyond its’ epoch. This is where architecture plays its portion. Architecture becomes the medium of arousing the emotions attached to the event/person that the memorial commemorates. Though commemorations have a intent, they frequently play certain different or added functions excessively. They may non be merely a ocular statement in the urbanscape but besides a political and a historical statement. The undermentioned subdivision throws some visible radiation on the maps, functions, symbolism, and the architectural rules the commemorations are based on.FUNCTION OF A MEMORIALThe premier map of a commemoration is to mark an event or a individual. This can be done through assorted mediums – architecture, art, sculpture, Hagiographas, talks, etc. Commemoration of an event or a individual is a really big term and the Functions of assorted commemorations can be farther broken up into inside informations.Memorials are shapers of memoryMemorials celebrate triumphMemorials mourn deceaseMemorials pay testimonial or honorMemorials express feelingsMemorials maintan historyMemorials display powerMemorials symbolizeMemorials are frequently national symbolsLife of a memorial can frequently be divided into stages. The impact of the memorial diminishes with clip. When the commemoration is made to mark an event, which has occurred late it has the greatest impact possible. The impact of the memorial alterations ( diminishes normally ) with progressing clip, newer coevalss, alteration in sociopolitical order, civilization, and other facets. Over a period of clip commemorations become inert going more memorials, meager reminders of what happened in the yesteryear. The three basic sorts of commemorations are:Memorials marking a individualMemorials marking an eventMemorials marking an emotionThese classs can be farther divided identifiable types. These are:SITINGLocating w.r.t the metropolis cloth could be:Away FROM THE CITY FABRICOn the main road ( en path )In the natural milieus ( remote )WITHIN THE CITY FABRICEn path Junctional Termination PointApproachApproach could be evaluated based on:EntranceWell definedNot so good definedNot definedPATH CONFIGUARTIONAxialBi-axialCoilingIndirectRadialPositionDirectObliqueCoilingSequence of positionsPATH OBJECT – REALTIONPath object relationPath-goal relation ( Termination of way w.r.t end )SpaceORGANIZATION OF SPACESLinearCentralizedRadialClusteredSequence of SpacesBased on:Hierarchy of infinitesFlow of infinitesTransitional infinites and elementsSPATIAL RELATIONSHIPSpace within a infiniteInter-locking infinitesAdjacent infinitesSpaces linked by a common infiniteFormForm could be evaluated based on:COMPOSITION OF FORMAgreement of the basic signifiersNature of the signifier ( linear or subtractive )Configuration OF THE FORMRegular ( centroidal or linear )IrregularFORM SPACE RELATIONKind of enclosureImpact of signifier on infiniteSCALE & A ; PROPORTIONEvaluated on the footing of:COMPREHENSIBILITY OF THE SCALEHuman graduated tableMonumental graduated tablePROPORTIO NING SystemBeing of proportioning system and deduction if anySymbolismSymbolism IN MEMORIALSymbolic contentSymbolism OF MEMORIALSAssociated valuesCHANGING ValuessAssociated values at the clip of construct, when built, and in clipMeans OF CONVEYING MEANINGSIndicationExemplificationMetaphorical lookMediated MentionsROLES OF A MEMORIALMemorials play assorted functions in the society or the urbanscape. These assorted functions played by commemorations can be identified as:Memorials as a political statementMemorials as a historical statementMemorials as a landmarkMEMORIALS AS A POLITIICAL STATEMENTAcommemoration has ever been and is the first and the first mark of power. History is a informant to the fact that merely the mighty and rich have been commemorated in a large manner and have been the 1s behind those brilliant architectural manifestations. Memorials of any sort are an attempt to commemorate man- to be celebrated by the future coevalss as a cultural testimony. Anything – an object, an event of sheer religion – that is larger than life and has surer opportunities of endurance has ever fascinated human being and adult male has ever tried to tie in himself with such an object, event etc. in a monumental manner.–Miki Desai Man has ever tried to tie in himself with something ‘that is larger than life’ and therefore his attempts have been directed towards making lasting architecture. This is one of the implicit in causes of many commemorations that have been erected all throughout history. Memorials are more or less governed by their demand to be lasting. This fact has led to the huge usage of rock, which is arguably one of the long permanent stuffs available, for commemorations or for that affair of fact for any other signifier of architecture required being lasting. Frequently commemorations have been a agency of self-propagation. WhenBartolomeo Colleonidied, he left money to hold a statue of himself erected in the chief square at Venice. Apparently, unable to throw out the petition wholly, the swayers of Venice decreed that Thursday statue be placed in the second-best square.MEMORIAL AS A HISTORICAL STATEMENTMemorial grade history, are the mileposts of history. Therefore, history can ne'er melt off. As said earlier commemorations over a period become inert one time the epoch has passed. After this point of clip, the memorial becomes a mere historical milepost reminding the undermentioned coevalss. Often commemorations were made with the purpose of go forthing a grade behind for the approaching coevalss, to be remembered longer than merely the life-time – an effort to commemorate the individual. Memorials serve as reminder of history and the present and assist the new coevalss to larn from it.SITINGAny memorial demands to be decently sited. If the commemoration is non decently sited ( decently located and has an appropriate context ) it may be unable to hold any impact on its audience. Siting is adjusted with regard to the metropolis cloth. The commemoration may be sitedoff from the metropolis clothorwithin the metropolis clothwith each holding it’s the ain giving up. One of the all right illustrations of good siting is the great Sanchi Stupa. King Ashoka really strategically and intelligently sited this whole composite ( monasteries, temples, and tope ) . Sanchi hill was located on an of import crossing of route and river paths. Vidisha the ancient capital was merely 7 kilometres off and was strategically situated along a major trade path fall ining the Patliputra and the western coastal ports. Locating can be evaluated based on:Locating w.r.t City FabricWhich could be:Away from the metropolis clothWithin the metropolis clothAway FROM THE CITY FABRICThe memorial sited off from the metropolis cloth could be either of the followers:On the main road ( en path )In the natural milieus ( remote )Rajiv Gandhi commemoration which has been sited off from the metropolis cloth lies on the main road and therefore could be described en path. Devals of Badabagh ( Jaisalmer country ) could be described as a distant location, off in the natural milieus.WITHIN THE CTY FABRICThe commemoration sited within the metropolis cloth could be:En pathJunctionalTermination PointTheDandi Yatra Statuecould be described as a memorial sited en path within the metropolis cloth. India gate is a good illustration of a junctional siting while, the Jaipur column is a good illustration of expiration point.SymbolismSymbolism in commemorations can be explained as the symbolic content of the commemorations. The si gnifier, graduated table, stuff, motive or the entire agreement of signifier, infinite, attacks, landscape etc. in unison could be symbolic. Symbolism of commemorations on the other manus would be the perceptual experience of the commemoration in entirety by the audience it addresses. Every commemoration will stand for an thought or an emotion and could be associated with certain values and significances. Though significances may fluctuate from individual to individual, the indispensable value would stay reasonably much invariable. Valuess and significances of a commemoration of a commemoration could alter with passing of clip or with a displacement of power. Thus the commemoration may non be associated with same significances and values as it may hold been when it was built. For illustration, the Jaipur Column in New Delhi ( located inRashtrapati Bhawan forecourt )could be associated with Imperial regulation, but today with a displacement of power it stands simply as a commemoration which marked the edifice of New Delhi. It evokes a feeling of regard from the multitudes alternatively of a feeling of bitterness ( towards the British regulation ) , as it would hold been in the times when it was built.HOW DO MEMORIALS CONVEY MANINGSThere are different ways in which the commemorations may convey significances, which depends on the pick made by the interior decorator. The four different ways in which this can be done is:Denotation ( direct )Exemplification ( architecturally exemplifying )Metaphorical ExpressionMedi ated refrencesMemorials or parts of it may be frequently read literally or denoted straight. In the instance of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington D.C. for illustration significances are denoted by infusions from Lincoln’s Speeches Lincoln carved into its walls and by the presence of a big statue of Lincoln himself. Memorials frequently play up certain belongingss to derive attending. The method relies upon architectural techniques and rules. Uses of strong axis, monumental graduated table, making a sense of wonder utilizing the disposed media are some of the methods that could be used. Lincoln memorial uses a solid-void beat on its E fascade pulling attending to its centre and to the statue placed inside the edifice. A more common agencies of conveying the significance is its metaphoric look. Most of the commemorations make usage of this means. The Lincoln commemoration is treated as a sort of parallel temple, with Lincoln taking the topographic point of a classical divinity. In this instance the metaphor is missed, the method is rather literally carved onto the wall above the statue: IN THIS TEMPLE AS IN THE HEARTS OF THE PEOPLE†¦SymbolismSymbolism IN MEMORIALSBased on:Evaluation of the symbolic contentSymbolism OF MEMORIALSbased on:Interpretation of the commemoration in entiretyIdentifiable associated valuesCHANGING ValuessBased on:Associated values at the clip of construct ( interior decorators purpose )Associated values after the building has been builtAssociated values at the period of clipMeans OF CONVEYING MEANINGSIndicationExemplificationMetaphorical lookMediated mentionsDecision Memorials are an of import portion of a man’s society and urbanscape. They play an of import function architecturally, politically, historically and society. The premier map is to show and they do it subtly yet really efficaciously. Architecture plays an of import function in the look of the commemoration. The chief characteristics of the design of the commemoration are:LocatingApproachSpaceFormScaleSymbolismHow and where the commemoration is located is of import for the design of the commemoration. A commemoration is a strong ocular statement and therefore demands to pull attending so that it can convey what it stands for. This can be done in two possible ways – either bylocatingthe commemoration at astrategic locationwhere it is possibleforit to derive that attending or holding amonumental Scalupus erythematosussuch that the memorial makes a powerful ocular statement or in other words attains that character of monumentality. Ideally, it would be best for a commemorati on to hold a strategic location and have a expansive graduated table, but both scale neodymium siting can be used to complement each other. Often monumentality is attained ina a memorial by clearly insulating it from other options. Scaleis besides s DeviCeof meaning, a agency of denoting domination, power, or simpleness. Monumental graduated tables attempt tooverpower the visitantthrough the consequence can be underplayed by utilizing certain stuffs and other characteristics such as the landscape depending on the purpose. A simple human graduated table is more comprehensible for the visitant enabling him to associate to the commemoration. Passageis of import for the commemorations to do an impact on the visitore totals’ head and to deduce entire attending. This is done through attack, which act as transitional infinites that would let the visiotr to alter the frame of head. Often te whole infinite has a certainsequence of visual aspectwith identifiablepassage elements and infinites. Often commemorations are marked by apparent hierarchy and a gradual flow of infinites. Formsused for commemorations aresymbolic. Most of them over a period have been imbibed with certain significances,while there is besides an on-going procedure of introducing newer signifiers vested with significances. Forms like obelisks, triumphal arches, columns, statues are celebrated signifiers of commemorations. Architectural and art motions consequence in newer signifiers for commemorations. Abstract sculptures a newer signifier of commemorations came in usage after their usage in art since early 20Thursdaycentury. Most important factor of the design of a commemoration is itssymbolism,the really factor that makes it distinguishable from other pieces of architecture, symbolism is used to convey the emotions or other non-physical facets, which form the beginning of that peculiar commemoration. Symbolism is the unseeable synergistic portion of the commemoration. Symbolism in commemorations can be identified as built-in symbolism, which comes through the usage of signifier, graduated table, stuffs, location, orientation, etc. and non-inherent symbolism, which appears in signifier of messages on plaques or other media and are uually imbibed into the interior decorator. A memorial utilizations certain symbolswhich are frequently common and hold same significances for everyone e.g. the inveted rifle capped with a soldier’s hemet in the war commemorations indicates the unknown soldier. The commemoration may expose its symbolic facets in assorted ways. These could be adirect indication, architect urally illustratedor ametaphorical look. Design of the memorial reflects THvitamin Epurposeof te commemoration. Often commemorations are delusory and the seeable purpose of the commemoration is non its existent purpose. Sepulchral monumnets or commemorations honouringthe dead are frequently made by the succecors, bespeaking more frequently their authorization than the ritual to honour the dead predecessor. Memorials, in the yearss of the point of view and authorization of those in power on their multitudes. Today with democracy as the prevailing signifier of the political order in the universe and strong emotions of nantionalism among citizens, th commemorations excessively have changed their behaviour. They are frequently vested with involvements refering the whole the whole society than those few in the power. This is non to state that commemorations are non a agency of exposing authorization, but that there is a important alteration in their usage. In additon, there is a important relation between commemorations and poli tical relations. Th altering times have besides had an impact on commemorations. With the rapid urban agglomerations, commemorations have been made to come out and decorateour route intersections. This could be rated as a sight’degradation’ in the design of the memorialson one manus and as a agency to make up one's mind the importance of the commemorations on the other. As has been already discussed how of import it is for commemorations excessively have transitional infinites and elements, which create the certain atmosphere and the visitants, undergo an experience. The siting of te commemorations on traffic circles deficiencies this belongings. The experince is uncomplete as the passage clip is cut down phenomenally. Therefore, these commemorations become mere decorations of our urbanscpae devoid of their basic belongingss, which their opposite numbers possess. This tendency could be argued as a agencies of make up one's minding the importance of the commemorations, but that would be prejudiced and can non be entertained. Arguably, this tendency is non new in the urban design and has been followed throughout history, but it must be pointed out that th manners of tranport wer besides slower than todays’ .